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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 22(3): e20221344, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394004

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Two sites located in Tocantins State, Brazil, were selected for the bee's community survey. One of them was mostly covered by Cerrado vegetation and the other one is located in the Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest ecotone. Five expeditions were performed in each site throughout a 12-month period, between 2019 and 2020. The total of 771 bee specimens were collected and distributed into four families. Apidae presented the greatest species abundance and richness, it was followed by Halictidae, Megachilidae and Andrenidae, respectively. Trigona pallens (Fabricius) (Apidae) was the species presenting the greatest abundance in both sites, it totaled 118 specimens, which corresponded to 26.9% of the total abundance of individuals belonging to tribe Meliponini. In general, the community presented several species with few individuals and few species with many individuals. Bee collections were performed by using three different methodologies, among them one finds sampling based on the entomological net method, which allowed collecting the largest number of both individuals and species in comparison to the other used methods. Based on the frequency and abundance classes, only few species were classified as very frequent (VF) and very abundant (VA) in both sites based on the frequency and abundance classes. Most species were constant (W) in both regions, and there was a small number of dominant species (D); moreover, more than 70% of the sampled species were considered accidental (Z). According to the present study, either Cerrado or Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest studied sites presented higher species richness than other sites in these biomes sampled in Brazil.


Resumo: Duas áreas localizadas no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil foram selecionadas para o levantamento da comunidade de abelhas, uma área com vegetação predominante de Cerrado e outra em ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia. Durante cinco expedições em cada área em um período de 12 meses, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020 foram coletados 771 espécimes de abelhas, distribuídas em quatro famílias: Apidae, com a maior abundância e riqueza de espécies, seguida de Halictidae, Megachilidae e Andrenidae. Trigona pallens (Fabricius) (Apidae) foi a espécie com maior abundância em ambas as áreas, totalizando 118 espécimes, o que correspondeu a 26,9% da abundância total de indivíduos da tribo Meliponini. De um modo geral, a comunidade apresentou muitas espécies com poucos indivíduos e poucas espécies com muitos indivíduos. A metodologia de coleta com uso de rede entomológica permitiu a coleta do maior número de indivíduos e de espécies em relação a outros três métodos utilizados. Em ambas as áreas, poucas espécies foram classificadas como muito frequentes (MF) e muito abundantes (MA), de acordo com as classes de frequência e de abundância. Também para ambas as áreas, grande parte das espécies foram constantes (W) e um baixo número de espécies dominantes (D), com mais de 70% delas consideradas acidentais (Z). O presente estudo revelou que tanto o Cerrado como a área de transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica apresentou alta riqueza de espécies em comparação com outras áreas destes biomas amostradas no Brasil.

2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(Supplement1): 163-172, Dec. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355212

ABSTRACT

The objective of the current study was to measure the genetic variability of natural populations of Hancornia speciosa using RAPD type molecular markers to assay variation in existing sampled genotypes, using morphological variables, and so assess germplasm bank composition. Morphological and chemical characteristics H. speciosa fruits and seeds were evaluated using descriptive statistics and principal components analysis. Cluster analyzes was conducted using Jaccard's similarity index, via the UPGMA hierarchical agglomerative method. Phenotypic variability was found in the two studied populations. However, variability was higher in the São Judas population, where the variables: pulp yield and soluble solids content were higher than those in the Canaã population. High genetic variability was found in both study populations, and between- and within-population morphological and genetic variation was present in the studied populations. The nine primers generated 70 bands, of which 68 were polymorphic, with the primers A-08 and C-04 generating the highest number of polymorphic bands. The two populations differ principally in the pulp ratio and the proportion of total solids in the pulp (°Brix). RAPD markers used gave acceptable results and, to initiate the Federal University of Tocantins Active Mangaba Germplasm Bank, seven genotypes were sampled from the Canaã population and five from the São Judas Tadeu population.


O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar a variabilidade genética de populações naturais de Hancornia speciosa utilizando marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD para validar a amostragem de genótipos, realizada por meio de variáveis morfológicas, para a composição de um banco de germoplasma. Foram avaliadas características morfológicas e químicas de frutos e sementes de mangaba, utilizando-se estatística descritiva e análise de componentes principais. As análises de agrupamento foram feitas utilizando índice de similaridade de Jaccard, através do método hierárquico aglomerativo UPGMA. Foi observada grande variabilidade fenotípica nas duas populações estudas, porém, essa variabilidade foi maior na população São Judas, onde as variáveis: rendimento de polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis foram maiores que os encontrados na população Canaã. Observou-se uma elevada variabilidade genética nas duas populações estudadas e que existe variabilidade morfológica e genética entre e dentro das populações. As duas populações diferem principalmente em relação ao rendimento de polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix). Os nove iniciadores que amplificaram geraram 70 bandas, destas, 68 foram polimórficas, onde os primers A-08 e C-04 foram os que geraram maior número de bandas polimórficas. Portanto, os marcadores RAPD utilizados foram eficientes no presente estudo e para comporem o Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba da Universidade Federal do Tocantins foram amostrados sete genótipos da população Canaã e cinco da população São Judas Tadeu.


Subject(s)
Apocynaceae/genetics , Biological Variation, Population/genetics , Seed Bank
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(5): 586-592, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798117

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Malaria and leishmaniasis are prevalent in tropical regions, which have environmental characteristics that are highly favorable to protozoa and vectors of these diseases; the transmission of these infections in sub-tropical regions, although recognized, represents only a small fraction of cases. Plants are constantly being used in the search for and acquisition of new drugs, and many compounds derived from them have been used to combat various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the action of the dichloromethanolic extract of Myrciaria dubia leaves against the protozoa Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania chagasi through bioassays. METHODS The extract from M. dubia was tested for its anti-P. falciparum activity in an anti-histidine-rich protein II immunosorbent assay. The antileishmanial assays were performed using the resazurin method, while cytotoxicity against human hepatoma (HepG2) strain was determined using the colorimetric MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] method. RESULTS The M. dubia extract presented a half-maximal inhibitory concentration equal to 2.35 (1.05)μg/mL for P. falciparum, 190.73 (6.41) μg/mL for L. amazonensis, and greater than equal to 200µg/mL for L. chagasi and L. braziliensis strains. The cytotoxic concentration for 50% of the cells was above 500μg/mL for HepG2, indicating no toxicity and greater selectivity against parasites. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate the presence of antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal bioactive compounds in the dichloromethanolic extracts of M. dubia leaves, and point towards future studies to elucidate the mechanism of action for each physiological effect.


Subject(s)
Humans , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Myrtaceae/chemistry , Leishmania/drug effects , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Colorimetry , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Hep G2 Cells/drug effects , Leishmania/classification , Antimalarials/isolation & purification , Antimalarials/toxicity , Antiprotozoal Agents/isolation & purification , Antiprotozoal Agents/toxicity
4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(2): 429-435, mar./apr. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-947146

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a divergência genética de 50 clones de batata-doce do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Tocantins com base em marcadores RAPD, bem como verificar o agrupamento gerado a partir dos dados moleculares. No ensaio foram utilizados 50 clones de batata-doce, provenientes do programa de melhoramento genético da UFT. As análises de agrupamento foram feitas utilizando-se índice de similaridade de Jacard através do método hierárquico aglomerativo UPGMA. Foi observada uma elevada variabilidade genética entre os 50 clones. Os 14 primers utilizados produziram 181 bandas, destas, 155 foram polimórficas, onde os primers A17 e A7 foram os mais informativos. A análise das distâncias genéticas mostrou que a menor variação ocorrida foi entre os clones 04.06 e 04.12 e a maior foi entre os clones 100.06 e 114.07. No total, foram formados 22 grupos e, apesar de haver um grau maior de parentesco entre determinados clones, isto é, serem meios-irmãos, alguns apresentaram similaridade menores do que os detectados entre clones não aparentados. Assim, os 50 clones provenientes do Banco de Germoplasma da UFT apresentaram elevada diversidade genética e os marcadores RAPD foram eficientes para revelar tal diversidade.


The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of 50 clones of sweet potato germplasm bank of the Federal University of Tocantins based on RAPD markers, as well as check out the group generated from molecular data. Cluster analyses were made using the Jaccard similarity index and the UPGMA agglomerative method. Observed a high genetic variability among 50 clones. The 14 primers produced 181 bands, of these, 155 were polymorphic, where the primers A17 and A7 were the most informatives. The analysis of genetic distances show that the smallest variation occurred between clones 4.06 and 4.12 and most was between 100.06 and 114.07. In total, 22 groups were formed, and although there is a greater degree of kinship between certain clones, i.e. they have the same mother, some similarity values were lower than those detected between unrelated clones. Thus, 50 clones from the Germplasm Bank of UFT showed high genetic diversity and RAPD markers were efficient to reveal such diversity.


Subject(s)
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Ipomoea batatas , Plant Breeding , Seed Bank , Genetics
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 21(3): 278-282, July-Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653717

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated occurrences of Leishmania infantum in dogs in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, comparing diagnostic data obtained using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and parasitological diagnosis. Blood samples and lymph node aspirates were collected from 63 dogs of males and females and various ages and races, with or without owners, between August 2009 and June 2010. Slides containing smears of lymph node aspirates were stained with Giemsa stained. In PCR, the 145 bp target sequence of the LT1 fragment, located in the Leishmania donovani kDNA minicircle was detected using the RV1 and RV2 oligonucleotide primers. The chi-square test revealed that there was a significant relationship between the symptoms and dogs that were positive for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The parasitological investigation showed concordance of 66.7% with PCR on blood and 84.1% with PCR on lymph node aspirate. In addition to these tests, evaluations of the diagnoses in parallel and in series were conducted, which showed concordances with the parasitological test of 76.2% and 74.6%, respectively. The results make it possible to suggest that PCR on lymph nodes should be used in evaluating large populations (surveys) and that the parasitological test should be used for initial clinical evaluations in veterinary consultation offices.


Avaliou-se a ocorrência de Leishmania infantum em cães do município de Palmas-TO, comparando dados diagnósticos obtidos pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e pelo diagnóstico parasitológico. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e de aspirado de linfonodo de 63 cães machos e fêmeas, várias idades e raças, domiciliares ou não de agosto de 2009 a junho de 2010. As lâminas contendo esfregaço dos aspirados de linfonodos foram coradas pelo corante Giemsa. Na PCR, a sequência alvo de 145 pb do fragmento LT1, situado no minicírculo do kDNA do grupo Leishmania donovani, foi detectada através dos oligonucleotídeos iniciadores RV1 e RV2. O teste χ² (Qui-quadrado), demonstrou haver relação significativa entre a sintomatologia e a positividade dos cães para Leishmaniose Visceral (LV). O exame parasitológico mostrou uma concordância de 66,7% com a PCR em sangue e 84,1% com a PCR de aspirado de linfonodo. Além destas análises, houve a avaliação dos diagnósticos em paralelo e em série, onde as concordâncias com o exame parasitológico foram de 76,2% e 74,6%, respectivamente. Os resultados permitem sugerir a utilização da PCR de linfonodos na avaliação de grandes populações (inquéritos), e o exame parasitológico para a avaliação clínica inicial em consultórios veterinários.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Brazil , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Lymph Nodes/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(1): 18-23, Jan.-Feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614903

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs in the City of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, using the PCR technique to list the hot spots of infected dogs in the city and associate their occurrence to significant environmental changes at capture sites. METHODS: DNA was extracted from blood of dogs, and the PCR were performed with primers RV1/RV2. After screening the population studied, the regions of the city that had the highest occurrence of canine infection were detected. These sites were visited, and ecological parameters denoting anthropogenic disturbance were evaluated. RESULTS: Some important features were listed in the regions visited, such as low urbanization, lack of public collection of sewage, limited garbage collection, vacant lots with tall vegetation, decaying organic matter, and, most importantly, the occurrence of stray dogs and poultry in homes. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology for screening the population was very efficient, especially in evaluating a large number of individuals in a short time, with a high degree of automation. The results indicate an association between the observed parameters and the occurrence of infection in dogs. The model presented in the city is ideal for studies of disease progression and expansion and for the evaluation of control measures adopted for canine VL.


INTRODUÇÃO: O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar, através da PCR, a presença da infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi em cães no município de Palmas, no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil, de modo a elencar os hot spots de cães infectados no município e associar sua ocorrência a alterações ambientais marcantes nos locais de captura. MÉTODOS: O DNA foi extraído do sangue dos cães e as reações de PCR foram realizadas com os primers RV1/RV2. Após o screening da população estudada, foram detectadas as regiões do município que apresentavam as maiores ocorrências da infecção canina. Esses locais foram visitados, e parâmetros de distúrbio ecológico com origem antrópica foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Algumas características importantes foram constantes entre as regiões visitadas, entre elas a baixa urbanização, inexistência de coleta pública de esgoto, coleta publica de lixo pouco abrangente, lotes vagos com vegetação alta, e matéria orgânica em decomposição, com destaque para criação de cães soltos, e aves nas residências. CONCLUSÕES: A metodologia adotada para screening da população se mostrou bastante eficiente, sobretudo na avaliação de um grande número de indivíduos em tempo reduzido, com alto grau de automatização. Os resultados apresentados indicam associação entre os parâmetros observados e a ocorrência da infecção em cães. O modelo apresentado no município é ideal para estudos do desenvolvimento da doença, bem como sua expansão, além da avaliação das medidas de controle adotadas para a leishmaniose visceral canina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Leishmania donovani/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Environment , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Risk Factors , Sanitation
7.
Appl. cancer res ; 28(4): 153-160, Oct.-Dec. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-519876

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The present work evaluates variations of polymorphic [CAG]n repeats present at exon 1 of the AR gene, as well as relative levels of its transcript, in order to investigate associations of these factors with prostatic tumor genesis in the Brazilian male population. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples from patients with prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and from a group of young Brazilian males to determine the number of [CAG]n repeats amplified by PCR. Mutation analysis in this amplified fragment was carried out using the LIS-SSCP technique. Total RNA was extracted from prostatic tissue to evaluate the AR gene transcript levels using semi-quantitative multiplex RT-PCR. Results: CAG length varied from 14 to 30, with an average of 21 repeats for PCa and the male group and 20 for the BPH group. No significant difference was found for [CAG]n polymorphism among the analyzed groups and there was no sporadic change in the amplified portion of the AR gene, nor loss of [CAG]n repeats, demonstrating that these do not contribute to the cancer occurrence. Nevertheless, the positive association between short alleles and TNM pT3 staging may indicate that CAG repeats is associated to PCa progression. The transcriptional levels were significantly increased in PCa than in BPH and were associated with serum PSA levels of 5-10 ng/mL. As diagnostic clinical parameter, the levels of AR gene presented 17-fold higher chance for PCa occurrence, 60% of sensibility and 95% of specificity. Conclusion: The data suggest that the highly miscegenated Brazilian male population presents a high frequency of [CAG]n short repeats, which may be associated with the PCa progression, while AR mRNA levels seems to be a good indicator of the incidence of this pathology, being useful in clinical practice for distinguishing patients with PCa from those with BPH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Gene Expression , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Prostatic Neoplasms , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
8.
Biosci. j ; 19(2): 105-107, May-Aug. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-561903

ABSTRACT

A técnica Differential Display (DD), descrita primeiramente em 1992, promoveu um grande avanço nos estudos de expressão gênica em eucariotos, permitindo análises comparativas, isolamento e caracterização de novos genes relacionados aos mais variados processos biológicos. A larga aplicação do DD se deve, principalmente, ao fato de ser uma técnica rápida, fácil e necessitar de pequena quantidade de RNA total. Entretanto, o uso de radioisótopos em uma determinada etapa do DD restringe esse método a laboratórios que tenham áreas específicas para manipular esses reagentes e o torna inviável à grande maioria dos centros de pesquisa existentes no país. Assim, esse trabalho busca adaptar a coloração por nitrato de prata, não radioativa, à técnica do DD; utilizando como modelo biológico a espécie Apis mellifera (abelha africana). Os resultados têm sido promissores e mostram que a coloração por nitrato de prata é eficiente no DD e pode tornar a técnica mais difundida nos laboratórios nacionais, inclusive aplicada aos estudos de câncer.


Differential Display (DD), described in 1992, promoted a great progress in eukaryotic gene expression studies, allowing comparative analyses, isolation and characterization of new genes related to the most varied biological processes. The wide application of DD is due, mainly, to the fact of being a fast and easy technique and to the smalll amount of total RNA required. However, the radioisotope use in DD restricts this method to laboratories that have specific areas to manipulate those reagents and makes it unviable to the majority of the research centers in our country. Thus, this work adapted the silver nitrate staining (non radioactive) to the technique of DD using the Apis mellifera (africanizaed honeybee) as a biological model. The results were promising and the showed that the silver nitrate staining is efficiente in DD and it can turn the technique more applied the national laboratories.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees , Bees , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Profiling , Polymerase Chain Reaction
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